Gender Roles During The Second World War - 908 Words

During the Second World War, Britain experienced a steady shift away from the traditional gender roles harbored by their predominantly male controlled society. Women were treated as second-class citizens. Gender inequality was prominent throughout Britain during this time, and like many other woman, Nella Last’s sole occupation was as a mother and housewife. Although Nella mentally opposed some gender inequalities during the Second World War, she agreed with some expected societal roles for woman: primarily being mothers and housewives. By remaining occupied with housework and volunteer service, as well as her continual hesitation or withdrawal from expressing her thoughts to her narrow-minded husband, Last returned to her stagnant and dull existence as a housewife, which ultimately became her place of torture and peace. Although Nella showed some opposition to traditional gender roles during the war, she continually withheld her feelings and opinions, and therefore never trul y committed herself to seek change—ultimately embracing her life’s sole purpose; as being a mother and housewife. This is seen in 1943, when making her husband desert. She reflects on how much he has changed since the war began: Originally, he was utterly indifferent to her cooking and potentially hostile when asked for his opinion. After seeing the misfortunes of others, he became more appreciative of her efforts in cooking and tending to the house (Last, 232). Last was thrilled by his newfoundShow MoreRelatedGender History : Women And Women1602 Words   |  7 PagesGender history focuses on the fundamental idea of what it means to be defined as a man or woman in history. Gender historians are concerned with the different changes that occur within a society, during a particular period of time in regards to the perceived differences between women and men. Also, they are concerned with the impact of gender on various historically important events. Gender history devel oped because traditional historiography excluded women from ‘universal’ and ‘general’ historyRead MoreWomen During The Great Depression1471 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance was the Second World War. The war came as a salvation to the United States because it helped liberate it from the Great Depression. However, one gender population, during this time, had the opportunity to demonstrate their potential. This gender population was women. WWII was not only a life changing event for all men in America, but also for women because it would become the first time in history when they begin to break the stereotypes between gender roles. During the Great DepressionRead MoreThe Anonymous Diary of a Female Journalist during the Occupation Period of Soviet Russia in Berlin814 Words   |  3 PagesThe anonymous diary of a female journalist during the occupation period of Soviet Russia in Berlin gave a deafening voice to a completely silent victim, the ethnically Germanic female citizen in postwar Germany. This discourse of power relations and sexual appeal come together fluidly in this book. There is also a voice of women in history that has been growing ever stronger which this diary adds to. Without this diary, the victimization and helplessness of the German woman goes overall untold. ThisRead MoreVictorian Era Gender Roles and the Development of Women’s Football in England1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of women’s football in Britain during the 19th century illustrates the transformation of gender roles in British culture in the context of Victorian era values and women’s football: †Å"‘The Cultures of sport in Britain have been distinctively male, rooted in masculine values and patriarchal exclusiveness’† Through the introduction of female football into British society the system of Victorian values were challenged by expanding gender roles. The institution of women’s soccer in the lateRead MoreThe Era Of The 19th And 20th Centuries1664 Words   |  7 Pagesera of the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe was largely defined by imperialism and nationalism. How did these concepts influence the manner in which the world wars were fought? In what ways are they global ideals? How did these notions cause the wars to become global in nature? What role did the colonies play in the wars? What changes did the wars bring to relationships between European countries and their colonies? Imperialism is the concept of European dominance of non-Western lands through economicRead MoreEssay about Gender and Race During the U.S. Occupation of Japan1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fifteen-Year War was a time of great turmoil and uncertainty in Japan. Various facets of the country were tested and driven to their limits. During the occupation, race and gender began to evolve in ways that had not exactly be seen before. War had a tremendous impact on every part of the life of a Japanese citizen. Both men and women began to fill roles that were completely novel to them. Race became a part of the definition of who people were. As the war progressed and American troops landedRead MoreHow Female Gender Roles During Britain Of This Era1461 Words   |  6 Pagesunchallenged, historians have begun to suggest that this stereotype is inaccurate and misleading, and overlooks the complexity of female gender roles during Britain of this era. When reviewing the literature on this topic, wh at emerges as a clear point of tension between academics is whether the 1950s was a static or a dynamic period for changes in female gender roles, which may reflect the different political atmosphere of the eras in which they completed their works. When one considers a typicalRead MoreFeminism Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesHow can assumptions about gender and registers of gender difference, as well as nature/culture dichotomies, inform meaning and the production of geographical knowledge. Geographers use poststructuralist and feminist ideas in order to study human environment, society and geogrpahical space. Feminism and poststructuralism encourage us to question the set of assumptions and socially constructed meanings that give rise to knowledge claims. Poststructuralism is a popular critique that challenges ourRead MoreGender And Its Role Is Affected By Direct And Indirect External Factors1279 Words   |  6 Pagesconstructed idea of gender and its role is affected by direct and indirect external factors. Since the beginning of time in European Society, women have constantly been viewed and treated as inferiors to men. Specifically, women have wanted to stray away from the socially constructed idea of being perceived as domesticated beings. As the Victorian era came to the end, women yearned for that change. When the twentieth century approached, women actively desired to alter the gender role that had been setRead MoreThe Connection of Nursing with Feminism Essay1 616 Words   |  7 Pagescareer choice for women. After World War II, nurses had to transition from working in private homes to working in public hospitals. There was a dire need for nurses in the hospitals because of the different communicable diseases that were around. In addition, â€Å"the rise of feminism in the 1960’s influenced public attitudes toward women, their work, and education.† In Susan Gelfand Malka’s Daring to Care: American Nursing and Second-Wave Feminism, she analyzed that second-wave feminism gravely impacted

Chronic Kidney Disease for Recent Literature and Publication

Question: Discuss about theChronic Kidney Disease for Recent Literature and Publication. Answer: Introduction The present paper will critically discuss CKD with reference to a case study of a patient, Glenda, who has the condition. The stages of CKD, the pathophysiology of CKD, management strategies and health promotion strategies will be analyzed. This is in a bid to demonstrate an understanding of patient-centered care and application of policy and principles of management of chronic kidney disease. The approaches of care in Glendas case will be critiqued on basis of appropriateness and any recommendations or alternatives posed with support from recent literature and publication; an evidence-based approach. Case description Glenda is a 56-year-old aboriginal woman from Tiwi islands. She presented to the local health center with complaints of facial pruritus, anorexia, nausea, and lethargy. She appeared confused. Her vitals were normal except for an elevated blood pressure of 159/97 mmHg. Her urine analysis was positive for protein. Glenda has a past medical history of similar complaints. She also presented with generalized edema, joint pain and stiffness, and lethargy in 2010. Her vitals had been erratic with a fever of 38.80 C, a pulse rate of 98 bpm, an elevated respiratory rate of 22 and a hypertension of 180/100 mmHg. Her urinalysis showed rust-colored urine that was positive for blood and protein. This was two weeks after a sore throat. She was then diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and treated. Her social history involved her binge drinking fortnightly four or more drinks. She also smoked an average of 20 cigarettes per day. She had some estimated forty smoking pack years. She c laimed to exercise by frequently walking around the island. Her nursing discharge suggested monthly follow-up with measurements of blood pressure and urinalysis. During the current presentation, lab investigations were done. They showed an elevated urea of 45mmol/l, elevated serum creatinine of 1132 umol/L, decreased creatinine clearance of 8.2 ml/min, decreased serum sodium levels at 128 mEq/L, elevated serum potassium levels at 6 mEq/L, reduced bicarbonate levels at 11.5 mEq/L, an increased anion gap at 20, reduced calcium at 1.98mg/dL, elevated phosphate at 5.4 mg/dL and a reduced PH of 6.1. This interprets to a uremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and a hyperphosphatemia with an anion gap metabolic acidosis. The presentation fits a picture of deranged renal function. CKD was established and she was started on hemodialysis on account of uremia and metabolic acidosis. She, however, opted for peritoneal dialysis in order to move back to her rural island and enjoy life and culture. Chronic Kidney Disease CKD according to Queensland Health (2015), is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 with or without evidence of kidney damage for more than three months or evidence of kidney damage including albuminuria, hematuria not of urological origin, pathologic or anatomic kidney changes with or without deranged GFR for more than three months. It is estimated that one in eight Australians has indicators of CKD making it a very common condition (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Of these, 10% do not know they have the condition as one can lose up to 90% of kidney function without any signs or symptoms (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). It is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors as it increases mortality due to cardiovascular causes (Levey Coresh, 2012). For this reason, early detection and management are important. Risk factors There are eight major risk factors for CKD progression and cardiovascular risk (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Risk stratification and health promotion to prevent progression of CKD and cardiovascular events are targeted at the risk factors that are modifiable. The risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, established cardiovascular disease, family history of kidney failure, obesity with BMI of more than 30kg/m2, smoking, 60 years or older and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (Kidney Health Australia, 2015; Levey, Astor, Stevens, Coresh, 2010; Razmaria, 2016; Murphree Thelen, 2010). Glenda has three of the eight risks in that she has hypertension, is a smoker with forty pack years and is an aboriginal from Tiwi islands. According to the Australian absolute cardiovascular risk assessment tool, Glenda has a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next five years. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of CKD starts with a renal insult. In Glendas case, this was post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms of injury in her case was as a result of a sore throat she had in 2010. The body produces antibodies against streptococcal proteins as it tries to clear the sore throat. These antibodies, however, cross-react with basement membrane proteins in the kidney causing glomerular damage (Colledge, Walker, Ralston, 2013). At first, the glomerular membrane becomes leaky, losing the capacity for selective permeability hence large molecules like albumin pass through giving the patient proteinuria. The damage to glomerular components can affect vascular components giving rise to hematuria. Further damage starts leading to nephron loss reducing the excretory capacity of the kidney hence the progressive reduction in GFR. The kidney, however, has a large capacity for compensation and the remaining nephrons hypertrophy and hyper filtrate as they try to maintain the GFR within the normal range (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, 2017; Marieb Hoehn, 2013). This has been postulated to have an impact on the progression of kidney damage as the kidneys are overworking. One can lose up to 90% kidney function before symptoms appear (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). When the symptoms set it, they are related to renal function and represent the complications of CKD (Johnson Bonner, 2012). Inability to excrete waste is the main one leading to uremia. Glenda has uremia as manifested by facial pruritus (Colledge, Walker, Ralston, 2013). The kidney has important roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When deranged, the kidney cannot buffer leading to metabolic acidosis. Glendas metabolic acidosis is anion gap positive metabolic acidosis due to increase in anions like phosphates. There are mineral derangements with calcium loss as calcium is replaced with phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia (Murphree Thelen, 2010). Anemia is a complication as the kidney is an important synthesizing organ for erythropoietin. This is apparent in Glendas case as her hematocrit is on the lower side, an indication of anemia. Sodium and water handling is affected in CKD with sodium retention and fluid overload (Murphree Thelen, 2010). This is a major cause of ed ema in CKD. There is the development of renal bone disease due to derangements in bone turnover and secondary hyperparathyroidism (Murphree Thelen, 2010). Hypertension is both a cause and complication of CKD (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Early detection and screening Due to the chronicity of CKD, eventual decline into end-stage renal failure and high cardiovascular risk, early detection and management of CKD is paramount (Razmaria, 2016). Screening for CKD is done to those who have any of the eight risk factors for developing CKD. Screening involves regular measurement of GFR and albuminuria with appropriate urinalysis, blood pressure monitoring, and blood sugar monitoring. If there are factors showing an increased risk, monitoring should be done every 1 to 2 years (Queensland Health, 2015). Staging and discussion CKD progresses through five stages as kidney function deteriorates to kidney failure. These stages form a continuum. The new staging recommendations take into consideration the GFR and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). The management of CKD is heavily influenced by these stages hence a clear staging system should be used (Bauer, Melamed, Hostetter, 2008). Calculation of GFR is one of the variables that can affect this. Two methods exist; Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The CKD-EPI formula is recommended (OCallaghan, Shine Lasserson, 2011). From these calculations, Glendas estimated GFR and need for dialysis put her at stage 5 of CKD. Stage one of CKD is when GFR is less than or equal to 90ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Stage 2 is when GFR is between 60 to 89 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months. However, for these two stages, the GFR can be normal and CKD is only diagnosed if there is a sign of renal damage for example albuminuria, hematuria not of urological origin, pathologic or anatomic kidney changes (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). This is because the estimation of GFR can give low numbers for otherwise healthy individuals. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) should be done to stratify the patient in categories of low, moderate or high risk of progressive renal impairment (Kidney Health Australia, 2015; Glassock, 2010) Management goals at these stages are aimed at slowing progression of kidney damage and cardiovascular risk management (Castner, 2010). This stage can be treated in the primary care setting but the bigger issue is assessing cardiovascular risk. CKD is a large risk for mortality from cardiovascular causes and a patient is more likely to die from cardiovascular causes than kidney failure (Johnson Bonner, 2012). Pointers of progressive kidney disease may include hematuria, rapidly worsening renal function, albuminuria, family history of renal failure and hypertension (Castner, 2010). Long-term monitoring of renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria is indicated. Avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs is also an important nursing consideration. Lowering of cardiovascular risk starts with reducing the blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) are the first line therapy for BP reduction in CKD and renal protection (Queensland Health, 2015). They decrease the risk of end-stage kidney disease by up to 40 %. Lifestyle modifications should be implemented including smoking cessation, appropriate nutrition change for example low sodium and low-calorie diet, weight reduction, reducing alcohol intake and increasing physical activity (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Glycemic control is another measure. Lipid-lowering drugs can be used to further lessen the risk. Glenda should have been advised on these modifications early. She has three of the eight risk factors making these modifications crucial to her care. Stage three is divided into two subgroups; 3a and 3b. Stage 3a is when GFR is between 45 to 59 ml/min/1.73m2 in and 3b between 30 to 44 ml/ min/1.73m2, in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). This separation accurately stratifies risk assessment as 3a CKD present a low to moderate risk while 3b represents an already moderate to high risk of progression and cardiovascular events (Wyatt, 2016). Management of CKD at this stage involves monitoring and slowing kidney damage, cardiovascular risk, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs and fluid overload, adjusting medication to fit kidney function, identification of complications of CKD and prompt referral to a nephrologist (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). As renal function worsens so do the complications. Treatment of these complications reduces the risk of progression and slows kidney damage. It is still paramount to continue cardiovascular risk reduction as for earlier stages (Welch, Johnson, Zimmerman, Russell, Perkins, Decker, 2015). These are the final stages of CKD as one slips into the end-stage renal disease. Stage 4 of CKD is when GFR is 15-29 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months. Stage 5 is when GFR is less than 15 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months or a requirement for dialysis (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Glenda is at stage 5 of CKD owing to her need for dialysis. The absolute indication for her dialysis was uremia and metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia (Rivara, Chen, Nair, Cobb, Himmelfarb, Mehrotra, 2017). Glenda should continue her peritoneal dialysis as outcomes are observed. If the condition worsens hemodialysis should be restarted as options of renal transplantation are sought. Management at this stage should be monitored by a renal specialist. The goals of care include monitoring for complications and cardiovascular events, preparation for informed decision making on the approach regarding end-stage renal failure (Ki dney Health Australia, 2015). They eventually would need dialysis or renal transplant. Conclusion In conclusion, CKD is a chronic illness that progresses through five stages each with a number of management strategies and goals. Early detection through screening is important in managing and slowing the progress of the disease. Cardiovascular risk assessment and reduction of the eight risk factors should be done regardless of the stage of the disease. Glenda is at the final stage 5 of CKD and should be managed by specialists with end-stage renal failure in mind. References Barrett, E., Barman, M., Boitano, S., (2017) Ganongs review of medical physiology. (24th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Bauer, C., Melamed, M. L., Hostetter, T. H. (2008). Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for a Course Correction. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 19(5), 844-846. Caravaca-Fontn, F., Azevedo, L., Luna, E., Caravaca, F. (2018). Patterns of progression of chronic kidney disease at later stages. Clinical Kidney Journal, 11(2), 246-253. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfx083 Castner, D. (2010). Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease. Nursing 2018, 40(5), 24-31. Colledge, N., Walker, R, Ralston, S. (2013). Davidsons principles and practice of medicine. 21st edition. London: Elsevier. Glassock, R. J. (2010). Is the presence of microalbuminuria a relevant marker of kidney disease? Current Hypertension Reports, 12(5), 364-368. doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0133-3 Johnson, V., Bonner, A. In Brown and Edwards (eds) (2012). Nursing Assessment: urinary system. Lewis's Medical-surgical nursing. (3th E.). Sydney: Elsevier, pp 1226-1248. Kidney Health Australia. (2015). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Management in General Practice. (3RD Ed.). Australia, Melbourne: Kidney Health Australia. Levey, A. S., Coresh, J. (2012). Chronic kidney disease. The Lancet, 379(9811), 165-180. Retrieved from HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60178-5 Levey, A., Astor, B., Stevens, L., Coresh J. (2010). Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension: whats in a name? Kidney International, 78, 19-22. Marieb, E. Hoehn, K. (2013). The Urinary System. Human Anatomy and Physiology. USA: Pearson, pp 1023- 1060. Murphree, D. D., Thelen, S. M. (2010). Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 23(4), 542-550. Retrieved from doi:10.3122/jabfm.2010.04.090129 O'Callaghan, A., Shine, B., Lasserson, D.S. (2011). Chronic kidney disease: a large-scale population-based study of the effects of introducing the CKD-EPI formula for eGFR reporting BMJ Open, 1(2), 308. Queensland Health, (2015). Chronic Conditions Manual: Prevention and Management of Chronic Conditions in Australia. (1st Ed.). The Rural and Remote Clinical Support Unit, Torres. Razmaria, A. A. (2016). Chronic kidney disease. JAMA, 315(20), 2248-2248. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1426 Rivara, M. B., Chen, C. H., Nair, A., Cobb, D., Himmelfarb, J., Mehrotra, R. (2017). Indication for dialysis initiation and mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure: a retrospective cohort study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 69(1), 41-50. Welch, J. L., Johnson, M., Zimmerman, L., Russell, C. L., Perkins, S. M., Decker, B. S. (2015). Self-Management Interventions in Stages 1 to 4 Chronic Kidney Disease: An Integrative Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(5), 652-678. doi:10.1177/0193945914551007 Wyatt, C. M. (2016). A rose by any other name: is stage 3a chronic kidney disease really a disease? Kidney International, 91(1), 6-8.

KWAskinganAnalyticalQuestion Essays - Human Behavior,

Asking an Analytical Question An important step in writing academic essays is to ask a good analytical question, one that poses a challenging way to address the central text(s) you will write about. Establishing that question won't be your first step- you'll need to do some observing and annotating, and even some interpreting, as a way of developing the question itself. But focusing on what that question might be early in your analysis helps you approach your essay with something to explore, an idea to discover (that will inform your thesis) for both you and your readers. Think of the question as something you're truly interested in exploring as you read, an exploration you want to guide your reader through, since not everyone reading the text will come away with the same impressions and interpretations you do. (One of the truisms of writing: if you're not discovering something in the writing of your essay, your readers probably aren't either.) A good analytical question: (1) speaks to a genuine dilemma in the text. In other words, the question focuses on a real confusion, ambiguity or grey area of the text, about which readers will conceivably have different reactions, opinions, or interpretations. (2) yields an answer that is not obvious. In a question such as "Why did Hamlet leave Denmark?" there's nothing to explore; it's too specific and can be answered too easily. (3) suggests an answer complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument. If the question is too vague, it won't suggest a line of argument (e.g., "Why are there so many references to acting in the play?"). The question should elicit analysis and argument rather than summary or description. (4) can be answered by the text, rather than by generalizations or by copious external research (e.g., "Why did Shakespeare depict madness in the way that he did?"). Tips to keep in mind: . "How" and "why" questions generally require more analysis than "who/ what/when/where." . Good analytical questions can highlight patterns/connections, or contradictions/dilemmas/ problems. . Good analytical questions can also ask about some implications or consequences of your analysis. Thus the question should be answerable, given the available evidence, but not immediately, and not in the same way by all readers. Your thesis should give at least a provisional answer to the question, an answer that needs to be defended and developed. Your goal is to help readers understand why this question is worth answering, why this feature of the text is problematic, and to send them back to the text with a new perspective or a different focus.

The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang

The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang By Mark Nichol Several weeks ago, President Obama, in announcing during a television interview that he didn’t want to inflame Islamic extremists by releasing photos taken of Osama bin Laden’s body following the al-Qaeda leader’s assassination by a U.S. military unit, said, â€Å"There’s no need to spike the football.† Huh? In American football, players have been known to triumphantly punctuate a touchdown by spiking the ball, or throwing it point first against the surface of the playing field so that it emphatically bounces away. By summoning that imagery, Obama expressed his reluctance to have the United States be perceived as gloating about bin Laden’s death. So, do you think that analogy has legs? (The stem of that expression, in turn, is from theatrical slang for a stage production with the potential for long-running success.) The truth is, the entertainment industry, whether in the form of a professional sports or any one of various theatrical endeavors, has enriched our language with a wealth of idiomatic expressions: The sports world has given us â€Å"A-game† (an excellent effort), â€Å"Hail Mary pass† (a desperate gambit), and â€Å"slam-dunk† (a definitive accomplishment), among a stadium full of other vivid phrases. Meanwhile, the performing arts have contributed â€Å"It ain’t over till the fat lady sings† (meaning â€Å"Don’t give up† interestingly, often voiced late in seemingly one-sided athletic contests), â€Å"Break a leg† (meaning â€Å"Good luck†), and â€Å"It’s a wrap† (meaning â€Å"We’re done†). Other expressions derive from a wide variety of other fields and pursuits, and though some of these figures of speech may induce groans because of the excess of their success through viral propagation, many are quite effective in conveying a message at least for now. Any such phrasing, however, is subject to the cultural forces at play at any time. Ronald Reagan would not have said, â€Å"There’s no need to spike the football† in response to the fall of the Berlin Wall more than twenty years ago, because the gridiron tradition in question postdates that event. Two decades from now, it may die out, and the expression may fade into obsolescent oblivion. And that’s the moral of this story: If you’re writing for an ephemeral medium like newspapers, magazines, or the Internet, you need not concern yourself with the staying power of current slang or expressions derived from pop culture. But if you’re writing a book, or are otherwise more concerned about the legacy of your efforts, take care in the use of idiom so that your prose does not come under fire (as the military-based expression goes) for being tired or passe. You are allowed a pass (but not a Hail Mary pass) if, say, you’re writing a coming-of-age story in which you want to re-create the zeitgeist by resurrecting the lingo of the time, but be careful not to have your characters indulge in incessant ’70s-speak, for example. Ask any survivor of that era, and they’ll tell you that â€Å"Far out,† â€Å"Right on,† and â€Å"Keep on truckin’† were far from ubiquitous. Admittedly, some idiom has survived years, decades, centuries, and even millennia: The entrance to a house in Pompeii, inundated by volcanic ash in 79 AD, has an inscription on the floor that reads â€Å"Cave canem† â€Å"Beware of the dog.† But cave this: Whoever coins or borrows an expression isn’t entitled to determine its staying power or whether it survives only in ironic or derisive usage. Bummer, huh? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing16 Misquoted QuotationsWhat Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

How to Find Old SAT Scores

How to Find Old SAT Scores If you took the SAT a million years ago, you may have thought that by walking away from the testing site, you were done with that phase of your life forever. On the contrary, if you try to continue your education or nab an entry-level job, your SAT scores could be a big boost in your resume if your job history isnt substantial.   What if you went right into a trade, bypassed college, and are now considering enrolling in an undergraduate program? Do you even remember which college admissions test you took? (The ACT is often confused for the SAT) Or what a good SAT score  even is? If any of this sounds like you, then you will need those SAT score reports, and heres how to go about getting them.   Settling an Old Score Finding your old SAT scores only takes a few steps. Remember which college admissions test you took: ACT or SAT.  ACT: Your ACT score will be a two digit number from 0 to 36.SAT: Your SAT score will be a three or four digit score between 600 and 2400. The current scale started in March 2016 for the Redesigned SAT, which uses a different scoring system, with a maximum of 1600. Since the SAT has changed quite a bit in the last 20 years, the score you may have received in the 80s or 90s would be scaled a bit differently now.Request a score report from the College Board.  By mail:  Download the  request form  and mail it to SAT Program / P.O. Box 7503 / London, KY 40742-7503. Youll need to know your personal information at the time of testing, like your street address, and will also need to choose recipients to whom youd like the SAT scores sent.  By phone:  For an additional fee of $10, you can call to order archived SAT score reports at  (866) 756-7346 (domestic), (212) 713-7789 (international), (888) 857-2477 (TTY in th e U.S.), or (609) 882-4118 (TTY international). Pay the fee for your old SAT score reportThe archive retrieval fee for old SAT reports is currently $31.  Each report will cost you $12, so that amount needs to be multiplied by the number of recipients youre sending the report to.Additional fees ($31) apply for rush delivery.Wait for your score reports to arrive! Within five weeks of receiving your information, the College Board will mail your score reports to you and to the score recipients youve listed on the form.   Tips to Speed Up the Process Get some information together before you get on the phone or fill out the score request sheet. Youll need details like your name and address at the time of SAT testing, your approximate test date, college, and scholarship program codes for recipients of your scores, and your credit card number.  Write legibly on all required forms, preferably in all caps. Youll delay the scores if you choose to write sloppily.  Remember that since your scores are older, the tests may have changed and the score reporting services will send a letter stating that fact to the institution in which youre interested. So, even though you may have earned top ranks for the year you tested, your score back then may not mean the same thing as the scores of today. Contact the College Board to explain if youre confused about the scoring scale and differences.Pay an additional (optional) $31 rush service fee.

Anderson V. WR Grace case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anderson V. WR Grace - Case Study Example According to the plaintiffs, their chemicals led to sever health effects on their families and eventual death. Notably children from seven of the plaintiffs’ families contracted leukemia and died following complications from these chemicals. Additionally, a spouse of one of the plaintiffs contracted a severe myelocytic leukemia and died out of the same illness (Gerrard and Foster 657). Despite the laboratory findings in the water samples from these wells, claims of the plaintiffs that the contaminated water causes leukemia led to numerous questions: how did TCE got into the wells? Who could have been responsible? Could TCE (chemical analyzed from wells’ water) cause leukemia in children? On the other hand, were the wells supplying drinking water to the East Woburn neighborhood carried leukemia dusts? The findings revealed that dumpsites were too close to the drinking wells. Moreover, some of the chemicals used by these industries were found in the wells’ water. Thus, the chemicals caused severe health problems and eventual death to some of the plaintiffs’ families (Gerrard and Foster 654). However, the chemicals could not be blamed for the cause of leukemia. From the findings, someone was to take the responsibility of damages realized. Therefore, W.R. Grace and plaintiffs were left to settle approximately eight million US dollars despite the company denial of and wrongdoing or responsibility for the damages. Gerrard, Michael, and Sheila R. Foster.  The Law of Environmental Justice: Theories and Procedures to Address Disproportionate Risks. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, 2008.

Social networking and information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social networking and information system - Essay Example Although most of the activity done on social media is either non-work-related or entirely harmless, employers sometimes take exception to the employees’ online postings and take disciplinary action against them. Some kinds of social media usage by employees that usually acquire disciplinary action from the employers include posting photos or videos showing some sort of misbehavior related to work e.g. tweeting about avoiding work or feigning illness, and expressing views over social media whose connection to the organization is not appreciated or approved of by the employers. The technical, legal, and ethical implications of the social media in business imparts need for government and organizations to work at their respective levels to develop safety mechanisms, security systems, and codes of ethics to guide the behavior of employees at the workplace. Business use of social media saw a two-fold increase from 11 per cent in 2008 to 22 per cent in 2009 (Sarrel, 2010). Social med ia is being increasingly used by the employees at the workplace for both non-work and work related purposes including attracting clients and developing joint ventures. Organizations use social media to engage their customers and market their products and services as social media websites â€Å"provide a cyber-meeting space for people wanting to network† (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2011, p. 270). Rise in the use of new technology in general and of the Internet and the social media at the workplace in particular implies that employees can now access information related to their employment law and employment rights much more easily than they could in the past. A vast majority of organizations and unions provide information related to their employment rights in definite sections of their websites in formats that are easily understandable including links to social media websites like YouTube and Twitter. Although employees’ increased access to information can generally be perce ived as a positive development since it increases their awareness about employment laws and assists them in dealing with work related issues, yet this also poses certain challenges for organizations. For example, employees may prefer getting information about employment laws online rather than directly approaching their managers or consulting a trade union representative. As a result, employees have a tendency of misunderstanding information that has been garnered out of context online, which in effect, complicates the interaction on specific issues between employers and employees. As social networking websites have become more popular, employees have received a platform where they can display a lot of information about themselves. This information is visible to everybody in the public and potentially to the employer. The employer can access all that information including photographs showing the activities and behavior of the employees outside of work which can have an adverse impac t on the dignity and reputation of an employee at work. Principally, an employer should not judge an employee’s performance at work based on their private life activities. Every employee has a personal life that should be respected by the employers until the employee does not breach the ethical guidelines established by the organization. Baldas (2009) argues that with the awareness that the information about private life has been accessible to the