Positive And Negative Impacts Of Social Media On Society

There are various ways in which a positive social nudge can be initiated to help individuals experiencing this issue. Although a social nudge is what is influencing the deviant behavior, it can also be reconstructed in a way that decreases deviant behavior. According to Thaler and Sunstein, social pressures nudge people to accept some pretty odd conclusions (2009). Although the goal is not to get people to accept an odd conclusion, knowing that social pressures have that much effect on an individual if they are creative enough is vita; in the reconstruction process. Furthermore, it would be societies place to nudge deviant people to believe that their friends are bad and they should not hang out with them. This can be done in various ways,†¦show more content†¦However, there may be other more subtle nudges that could help permute positive behavior and separation from deviant peers. As previously mentioned, conformity is an easy nudge to influence one’s behavior. Given the issue at hand conformity is already being nudged in a positive way, so all that one would need to do is turn around the pressure of conformity into a positive way. This could be done by promoting positive and non-deviant acts throughout society and pressuring those deviant individuals to stop being deviant in a safe and ethical way. For instance, if an individual gets into trouble due to their deviant friends, the courts, officers, etc., can encourage these individuals to step away from their deviant friends and recommend groups of new peers that are not deviant. For instance, if the individual is spiritual they could recommend a church group for the individual to join. By joining new group, such as the one mentioned in the example given, they will be more likely to conform to those new, un-deviant peers and do what they are doing. Thus, by doing this an individual is being nudged to ma ke positive decisions. As far as ethical concerns go for this recommended revised nudge, there are little to none. The only ethical concern that could be potential is it being force to conform rather than pressure. There is a very fine line between these two elements. Therefore, this would have to be a careful nudge toShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media956 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media has a very high impact on people, their feelings, thoughts, and much more. Although social media can be useful by helping people communicate and do other things, the way people use social media now is not a helpful way at all. Today, social media is used in so many bad ways such as bullying, false statements, and making women believe that they have to look a certain way and that they need and have to look the same as every woman on social media. But can social media be used in a positiveRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Social Media Essay638 Words   |  3 PagesSocial medi a is any website that allows social interaction. Social media is growing rapidly throughout the world. More adults and teenagers are joining sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter to interact with friends, family, and strangers. The introduction of social media has changed the world in many ways. It affects each individual in different ways. Today it can be used as a very helpful tool in changing a person’s life, but at the same time cause such conflicts which can negatively impactRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pagessimple click away. While technology advances have had a huge positive impact on the efficiency and productivity of today’s society and the generation of people that have come from it, it has also slowed us down and made us forget our priorities. 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For instance, advertising promoting public welfare has a positive social impact upon society, whereasRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon.org) the aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to develop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sitesRead MoreEffect Of Advertising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesthere negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to communication and advertising are there positive results, negative results and what are the traits that effect these results? To conduct this research, Scholarly Journal Articles were us ed. Six articles to be exact, as well as a dictionary definition from Webster Online. The findings show that advertisement is effective because advertising has positive as well as negative, socialRead Moreexample of informative speech outline Essay examples899 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Informative Outline Topic: Impact of Media in the Society and Individual General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the negative impact of social media in the society and to the individual. Thesis: Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Today, just about

Gender Roles During The Second World War - 908 Words

During the Second World War, Britain experienced a steady shift away from the traditional gender roles harbored by their predominantly male controlled society. Women were treated as second-class citizens. Gender inequality was prominent throughout Britain during this time, and like many other woman, Nella Last’s sole occupation was as a mother and housewife. Although Nella mentally opposed some gender inequalities during the Second World War, she agreed with some expected societal roles for woman: primarily being mothers and housewives. By remaining occupied with housework and volunteer service, as well as her continual hesitation or withdrawal from expressing her thoughts to her narrow-minded husband, Last returned to her stagnant and dull existence as a housewife, which ultimately became her place of torture and peace. Although Nella showed some opposition to traditional gender roles during the war, she continually withheld her feelings and opinions, and therefore never trul y committed herself to seek change—ultimately embracing her life’s sole purpose; as being a mother and housewife. This is seen in 1943, when making her husband desert. She reflects on how much he has changed since the war began: Originally, he was utterly indifferent to her cooking and potentially hostile when asked for his opinion. After seeing the misfortunes of others, he became more appreciative of her efforts in cooking and tending to the house (Last, 232). Last was thrilled by his newfoundShow MoreRelatedGender History : Women And Women1602 Words   |  7 PagesGender history focuses on the fundamental idea of what it means to be defined as a man or woman in history. 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Chronic Kidney Disease for Recent Literature and Publication

Question: Discuss about theChronic Kidney Disease for Recent Literature and Publication. Answer: Introduction The present paper will critically discuss CKD with reference to a case study of a patient, Glenda, who has the condition. The stages of CKD, the pathophysiology of CKD, management strategies and health promotion strategies will be analyzed. This is in a bid to demonstrate an understanding of patient-centered care and application of policy and principles of management of chronic kidney disease. The approaches of care in Glendas case will be critiqued on basis of appropriateness and any recommendations or alternatives posed with support from recent literature and publication; an evidence-based approach. Case description Glenda is a 56-year-old aboriginal woman from Tiwi islands. She presented to the local health center with complaints of facial pruritus, anorexia, nausea, and lethargy. She appeared confused. Her vitals were normal except for an elevated blood pressure of 159/97 mmHg. Her urine analysis was positive for protein. Glenda has a past medical history of similar complaints. She also presented with generalized edema, joint pain and stiffness, and lethargy in 2010. Her vitals had been erratic with a fever of 38.80 C, a pulse rate of 98 bpm, an elevated respiratory rate of 22 and a hypertension of 180/100 mmHg. Her urinalysis showed rust-colored urine that was positive for blood and protein. This was two weeks after a sore throat. She was then diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and treated. Her social history involved her binge drinking fortnightly four or more drinks. She also smoked an average of 20 cigarettes per day. She had some estimated forty smoking pack years. She c laimed to exercise by frequently walking around the island. Her nursing discharge suggested monthly follow-up with measurements of blood pressure and urinalysis. During the current presentation, lab investigations were done. They showed an elevated urea of 45mmol/l, elevated serum creatinine of 1132 umol/L, decreased creatinine clearance of 8.2 ml/min, decreased serum sodium levels at 128 mEq/L, elevated serum potassium levels at 6 mEq/L, reduced bicarbonate levels at 11.5 mEq/L, an increased anion gap at 20, reduced calcium at 1.98mg/dL, elevated phosphate at 5.4 mg/dL and a reduced PH of 6.1. This interprets to a uremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and a hyperphosphatemia with an anion gap metabolic acidosis. The presentation fits a picture of deranged renal function. CKD was established and she was started on hemodialysis on account of uremia and metabolic acidosis. She, however, opted for peritoneal dialysis in order to move back to her rural island and enjoy life and culture. Chronic Kidney Disease CKD according to Queensland Health (2015), is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 with or without evidence of kidney damage for more than three months or evidence of kidney damage including albuminuria, hematuria not of urological origin, pathologic or anatomic kidney changes with or without deranged GFR for more than three months. It is estimated that one in eight Australians has indicators of CKD making it a very common condition (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Of these, 10% do not know they have the condition as one can lose up to 90% of kidney function without any signs or symptoms (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). It is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors as it increases mortality due to cardiovascular causes (Levey Coresh, 2012). For this reason, early detection and management are important. Risk factors There are eight major risk factors for CKD progression and cardiovascular risk (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Risk stratification and health promotion to prevent progression of CKD and cardiovascular events are targeted at the risk factors that are modifiable. The risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, established cardiovascular disease, family history of kidney failure, obesity with BMI of more than 30kg/m2, smoking, 60 years or older and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin (Kidney Health Australia, 2015; Levey, Astor, Stevens, Coresh, 2010; Razmaria, 2016; Murphree Thelen, 2010). Glenda has three of the eight risks in that she has hypertension, is a smoker with forty pack years and is an aboriginal from Tiwi islands. According to the Australian absolute cardiovascular risk assessment tool, Glenda has a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next five years. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of CKD starts with a renal insult. In Glendas case, this was post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms of injury in her case was as a result of a sore throat she had in 2010. The body produces antibodies against streptococcal proteins as it tries to clear the sore throat. These antibodies, however, cross-react with basement membrane proteins in the kidney causing glomerular damage (Colledge, Walker, Ralston, 2013). At first, the glomerular membrane becomes leaky, losing the capacity for selective permeability hence large molecules like albumin pass through giving the patient proteinuria. The damage to glomerular components can affect vascular components giving rise to hematuria. Further damage starts leading to nephron loss reducing the excretory capacity of the kidney hence the progressive reduction in GFR. The kidney, however, has a large capacity for compensation and the remaining nephrons hypertrophy and hyper filtrate as they try to maintain the GFR within the normal range (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, 2017; Marieb Hoehn, 2013). This has been postulated to have an impact on the progression of kidney damage as the kidneys are overworking. One can lose up to 90% kidney function before symptoms appear (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). When the symptoms set it, they are related to renal function and represent the complications of CKD (Johnson Bonner, 2012). Inability to excrete waste is the main one leading to uremia. Glenda has uremia as manifested by facial pruritus (Colledge, Walker, Ralston, 2013). The kidney has important roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When deranged, the kidney cannot buffer leading to metabolic acidosis. Glendas metabolic acidosis is anion gap positive metabolic acidosis due to increase in anions like phosphates. There are mineral derangements with calcium loss as calcium is replaced with phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia (Murphree Thelen, 2010). Anemia is a complication as the kidney is an important synthesizing organ for erythropoietin. This is apparent in Glendas case as her hematocrit is on the lower side, an indication of anemia. Sodium and water handling is affected in CKD with sodium retention and fluid overload (Murphree Thelen, 2010). This is a major cause of ed ema in CKD. There is the development of renal bone disease due to derangements in bone turnover and secondary hyperparathyroidism (Murphree Thelen, 2010). Hypertension is both a cause and complication of CKD (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Early detection and screening Due to the chronicity of CKD, eventual decline into end-stage renal failure and high cardiovascular risk, early detection and management of CKD is paramount (Razmaria, 2016). Screening for CKD is done to those who have any of the eight risk factors for developing CKD. Screening involves regular measurement of GFR and albuminuria with appropriate urinalysis, blood pressure monitoring, and blood sugar monitoring. If there are factors showing an increased risk, monitoring should be done every 1 to 2 years (Queensland Health, 2015). Staging and discussion CKD progresses through five stages as kidney function deteriorates to kidney failure. These stages form a continuum. The new staging recommendations take into consideration the GFR and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). The management of CKD is heavily influenced by these stages hence a clear staging system should be used (Bauer, Melamed, Hostetter, 2008). Calculation of GFR is one of the variables that can affect this. Two methods exist; Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The CKD-EPI formula is recommended (OCallaghan, Shine Lasserson, 2011). From these calculations, Glendas estimated GFR and need for dialysis put her at stage 5 of CKD. Stage one of CKD is when GFR is less than or equal to 90ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Stage 2 is when GFR is between 60 to 89 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months. However, for these two stages, the GFR can be normal and CKD is only diagnosed if there is a sign of renal damage for example albuminuria, hematuria not of urological origin, pathologic or anatomic kidney changes (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). This is because the estimation of GFR can give low numbers for otherwise healthy individuals. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) should be done to stratify the patient in categories of low, moderate or high risk of progressive renal impairment (Kidney Health Australia, 2015; Glassock, 2010) Management goals at these stages are aimed at slowing progression of kidney damage and cardiovascular risk management (Castner, 2010). This stage can be treated in the primary care setting but the bigger issue is assessing cardiovascular risk. CKD is a large risk for mortality from cardiovascular causes and a patient is more likely to die from cardiovascular causes than kidney failure (Johnson Bonner, 2012). Pointers of progressive kidney disease may include hematuria, rapidly worsening renal function, albuminuria, family history of renal failure and hypertension (Castner, 2010). Long-term monitoring of renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria is indicated. Avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs is also an important nursing consideration. Lowering of cardiovascular risk starts with reducing the blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) are the first line therapy for BP reduction in CKD and renal protection (Queensland Health, 2015). They decrease the risk of end-stage kidney disease by up to 40 %. Lifestyle modifications should be implemented including smoking cessation, appropriate nutrition change for example low sodium and low-calorie diet, weight reduction, reducing alcohol intake and increasing physical activity (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Glycemic control is another measure. Lipid-lowering drugs can be used to further lessen the risk. Glenda should have been advised on these modifications early. She has three of the eight risk factors making these modifications crucial to her care. Stage three is divided into two subgroups; 3a and 3b. Stage 3a is when GFR is between 45 to 59 ml/min/1.73m2 in and 3b between 30 to 44 ml/ min/1.73m2, in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). This separation accurately stratifies risk assessment as 3a CKD present a low to moderate risk while 3b represents an already moderate to high risk of progression and cardiovascular events (Wyatt, 2016). Management of CKD at this stage involves monitoring and slowing kidney damage, cardiovascular risk, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs and fluid overload, adjusting medication to fit kidney function, identification of complications of CKD and prompt referral to a nephrologist (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). As renal function worsens so do the complications. Treatment of these complications reduces the risk of progression and slows kidney damage. It is still paramount to continue cardiovascular risk reduction as for earlier stages (Welch, Johnson, Zimmerman, Russell, Perkins, Decker, 2015). These are the final stages of CKD as one slips into the end-stage renal disease. Stage 4 of CKD is when GFR is 15-29 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months. Stage 5 is when GFR is less than 15 ml/min/1.73m2 in at least two urinalysis tests for more than three months or a requirement for dialysis (Kidney Health Australia, 2015). Glenda is at stage 5 of CKD owing to her need for dialysis. The absolute indication for her dialysis was uremia and metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia (Rivara, Chen, Nair, Cobb, Himmelfarb, Mehrotra, 2017). Glenda should continue her peritoneal dialysis as outcomes are observed. If the condition worsens hemodialysis should be restarted as options of renal transplantation are sought. Management at this stage should be monitored by a renal specialist. The goals of care include monitoring for complications and cardiovascular events, preparation for informed decision making on the approach regarding end-stage renal failure (Ki dney Health Australia, 2015). They eventually would need dialysis or renal transplant. Conclusion In conclusion, CKD is a chronic illness that progresses through five stages each with a number of management strategies and goals. Early detection through screening is important in managing and slowing the progress of the disease. Cardiovascular risk assessment and reduction of the eight risk factors should be done regardless of the stage of the disease. Glenda is at the final stage 5 of CKD and should be managed by specialists with end-stage renal failure in mind. References Barrett, E., Barman, M., Boitano, S., (2017) Ganongs review of medical physiology. (24th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Bauer, C., Melamed, M. L., Hostetter, T. H. (2008). Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for a Course Correction. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 19(5), 844-846. Caravaca-Fontn, F., Azevedo, L., Luna, E., Caravaca, F. (2018). Patterns of progression of chronic kidney disease at later stages. Clinical Kidney Journal, 11(2), 246-253. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfx083 Castner, D. (2010). Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease. Nursing 2018, 40(5), 24-31. Colledge, N., Walker, R, Ralston, S. (2013). Davidsons principles and practice of medicine. 21st edition. London: Elsevier. Glassock, R. J. (2010). Is the presence of microalbuminuria a relevant marker of kidney disease? Current Hypertension Reports, 12(5), 364-368. doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0133-3 Johnson, V., Bonner, A. In Brown and Edwards (eds) (2012). Nursing Assessment: urinary system. Lewis's Medical-surgical nursing. (3th E.). Sydney: Elsevier, pp 1226-1248. Kidney Health Australia. (2015). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Management in General Practice. (3RD Ed.). Australia, Melbourne: Kidney Health Australia. Levey, A. S., Coresh, J. (2012). Chronic kidney disease. The Lancet, 379(9811), 165-180. Retrieved from HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60178-5 Levey, A., Astor, B., Stevens, L., Coresh J. (2010). Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension: whats in a name? Kidney International, 78, 19-22. Marieb, E. Hoehn, K. (2013). The Urinary System. Human Anatomy and Physiology. USA: Pearson, pp 1023- 1060. Murphree, D. D., Thelen, S. M. (2010). Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 23(4), 542-550. Retrieved from doi:10.3122/jabfm.2010.04.090129 O'Callaghan, A., Shine, B., Lasserson, D.S. (2011). Chronic kidney disease: a large-scale population-based study of the effects of introducing the CKD-EPI formula for eGFR reporting BMJ Open, 1(2), 308. Queensland Health, (2015). Chronic Conditions Manual: Prevention and Management of Chronic Conditions in Australia. (1st Ed.). The Rural and Remote Clinical Support Unit, Torres. Razmaria, A. A. (2016). Chronic kidney disease. JAMA, 315(20), 2248-2248. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1426 Rivara, M. B., Chen, C. H., Nair, A., Cobb, D., Himmelfarb, J., Mehrotra, R. (2017). Indication for dialysis initiation and mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure: a retrospective cohort study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 69(1), 41-50. Welch, J. L., Johnson, M., Zimmerman, L., Russell, C. L., Perkins, S. M., Decker, B. S. (2015). Self-Management Interventions in Stages 1 to 4 Chronic Kidney Disease: An Integrative Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(5), 652-678. doi:10.1177/0193945914551007 Wyatt, C. M. (2016). A rose by any other name: is stage 3a chronic kidney disease really a disease? Kidney International, 91(1), 6-8.

KWAskinganAnalyticalQuestion Essays - Human Behavior,

Asking an Analytical Question An important step in writing academic essays is to ask a good analytical question, one that poses a challenging way to address the central text(s) you will write about. Establishing that question won't be your first step- you'll need to do some observing and annotating, and even some interpreting, as a way of developing the question itself. But focusing on what that question might be early in your analysis helps you approach your essay with something to explore, an idea to discover (that will inform your thesis) for both you and your readers. Think of the question as something you're truly interested in exploring as you read, an exploration you want to guide your reader through, since not everyone reading the text will come away with the same impressions and interpretations you do. (One of the truisms of writing: if you're not discovering something in the writing of your essay, your readers probably aren't either.) A good analytical question: (1) speaks to a genuine dilemma in the text. In other words, the question focuses on a real confusion, ambiguity or grey area of the text, about which readers will conceivably have different reactions, opinions, or interpretations. (2) yields an answer that is not obvious. In a question such as "Why did Hamlet leave Denmark?" there's nothing to explore; it's too specific and can be answered too easily. (3) suggests an answer complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument. If the question is too vague, it won't suggest a line of argument (e.g., "Why are there so many references to acting in the play?"). The question should elicit analysis and argument rather than summary or description. (4) can be answered by the text, rather than by generalizations or by copious external research (e.g., "Why did Shakespeare depict madness in the way that he did?"). Tips to keep in mind: . "How" and "why" questions generally require more analysis than "who/ what/when/where." . Good analytical questions can highlight patterns/connections, or contradictions/dilemmas/ problems. . Good analytical questions can also ask about some implications or consequences of your analysis. Thus the question should be answerable, given the available evidence, but not immediately, and not in the same way by all readers. Your thesis should give at least a provisional answer to the question, an answer that needs to be defended and developed. Your goal is to help readers understand why this question is worth answering, why this feature of the text is problematic, and to send them back to the text with a new perspective or a different focus.